語法教學(xué)法心得體會(huì)報(bào)告 小學(xué)語法教學(xué)心得(3篇)

當(dāng)在某些事情上我們有很深的體會(huì)時(shí)，就很有必要寫一篇心得體會(huì)，通過寫心得體會(huì)，可以幫助我們總結(jié)積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)。好的心得體會(huì)對(duì)于我們的幫助很大，所以我們要好好寫一篇心得體會(huì)那么下面我就給大家講一講心得體會(huì)怎么寫才比較好，我們一起來看一看吧。

關(guān)于語法教學(xué)法心得體會(huì)報(bào)告一

今天講的內(nèi)容1、名詞

a）、名詞的數(shù)

我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：

一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, americans, germans, apples, bananas

二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, chinese, japanese

七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員

九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

十一） 單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：is (i’s), ks (k’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：ids, vcds, sars

十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, englishman-englishmen

b）名詞的格

當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：

一）單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, mike’s, teacher’s

二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：teachers’ day教師節(jié), classmates’; children’s day六一節(jié), women’s day婦女節(jié)

三）由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)’s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：mike and ben’s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），mike’s and ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）

2、代詞

項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞

人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性

第一人稱 單數(shù) i me my mine myself

復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves

第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself

復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves

第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself

he him his his himself

it it its its this that itself

復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves

3、動(dòng)詞

a） 第三人稱單數(shù)

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)那樣加s，如下：

一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes

五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has

b） 現(xiàn)在分詞

當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：

一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母＋一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、形容詞的級(jí)

我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：

一） 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母＋1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三） 以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))

good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst

little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest

5、數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、初一英語語法--句式

1.陳述句

肯定陳述句 a) this is a book. (be動(dòng)詞)

b) he looks very young. (連系動(dòng)詞)

c) i want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)

d) i can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)

e) there’s a computer on my desk. (there be結(jié)構(gòu))

否定陳述句 a) these aren’t their books. b) they don’t look nice.

c) kate doesn’t go to no. 4 middle school. d) kate can’t find her doll.

e) there isn’t a cat here. (=there’s no cat here.)

2. 祈使句

肯定祈使句 a) please go and ask the man. b) let’s learn english!

c) come in, please.

否定祈使句a) don’t be late. b) don’t hurry.

3. 疑問句

1) 一般疑問句 a) is jim a student? b) can i help you? c) does she like salad?

d) do they watch tv? e) is she reading?

肯定回答: a) yes, he is. b) yes, you can. c) yes, she does. d) yes, they do. e) yes, she is.

否定回答: a) no, he isn’t. b) no, you can’t. c) no, she doesn’t. d) no, they don’t. e) no, she isn’t.

2) 選擇疑問句 is the table big or small? 回答 it’s big./ it’s small.

3) 特殊疑問句

① 問年齡 how old is lucy? she is twelve.

② 問種類 what kind of movies do you like? i like action movies and comedies.

③ 問身體狀況 how is your uncle? he is well/fine.

④ 問方式 how do/can you spell it? l-double o-k.

how do we contact you? my e-mail address is cindyjones@.

⑤ 問原因 why do you want to join the club?

⑥ 問時(shí)間 what’s the time? (=what time is it?) it’s a quarter to ten a.m..

what time do you usually get up, rick? at five o’clock.

when do you want to go? let’s go at 7:00.

⑦ 問地方 where’s my backpack? it’s under the table.

⑧ 問顏色 what color are they? they are light blue.

what’s your favourite color? it’s black.

⑨ 問人物 who’s that? it’s my sister.

who is the boy in blue? my brother.

who isn’t at school? peter and emma.

who are lisa and tim talking to?

⑩ 問東西 what’s this/that (in english)? it’s a pencil case.

what else can you see in the picture? i can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.

11問姓名 what’s your aunt’s name? her name is helen./she’s helen.

what’s your first name? my first name’s ben.

what’s your family name? my family name’s smith.

12 問哪一個(gè) which do you like? i like one in the box.

13 問字母 what letter is it? it’s big d/small f.

14 問價(jià)格 how much are these pants? they’re 15 dollars.

15 問電話號(hào)碼 what’s your phone number? it’s 576-8349.

16 問謂語(動(dòng)作) what’s he doing? he’s watching tv.

17 問職業(yè)(身份) what do you do? i’m a teacher.

what’s your father? he’s a doctor.

三、初一英語語法--時(shí)態(tài)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：

be 動(dòng)詞：she’s a worker. is she a worker? she isn’t a worker.

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：i can play the piano. can you play the piano? i can’t play the piano.

行為動(dòng)詞：they want to eat some tomatoes. do they want to eat any tomatoes? they don’t want to eat any tomatoes.

gina has a nice watch. does gina have a nice watch? gina doesn’t have a watch.

2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.

i’m playing baseball. are you playing baseball? i’m not playing baseball.

nancy is writing a letter. is nancy writing a letter? nancy isn’t writing a letter.

they’re listening to the pop music. are they listening the pop music? they aren’t listening to the pop music.

關(guān)于語法教學(xué)法心得體會(huì)報(bào)告二

1、 if my lawyer _______ here last saturday， he _______ me from going.

a. had been； would have prevented

b. had been； would prevent

c. were； would prevent

d. were； would have prevented

解析：a．本題考查虛擬語氣。因?yàn)閺木浔硎九c過去事實(shí)相反的`假設(shè)，故從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，而主句謂語動(dòng)詞用would have +過去分詞形式。

2、 if i had worn my overcoat， i _______cold.

a. won’t have caught

b 。couldn’t have caught

c. won’t catch

d. wouldn’t catch

解析：b．本題考查虛擬條件句中主句謂語動(dòng)詞的使用。因?yàn)閺木溆昧诉^去完成時(shí)，可知主句謂語動(dòng)詞用would / could have +過去分詞形式。根據(jù)句意，可知選b.

3、—if he ______ ， he ______ that food.

—luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

a. was warned； would not take

b. had been warned； would not have taken

c. would be warned； had not taken

d. would have been warned； had not taken

解析：b. 根據(jù)答語，可知本題考查與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。故從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，而主句謂語動(dòng)詞用would have +過去分詞形式。

4、 i didn’t see your sister at the meeting. if she _______， she would have met my brother.

come

b. did come

c. came

d. had come

解析：d． 根據(jù)句意“在會(huì)上我沒有看到你的姐姐。如果她來的話，她就見到我哥哥了”可知，這是考查對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬。主句用could have done，故從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。

5、 “i still haven’t thanked aunt lucy for her present.” “it’s time you _____.”

a. do

b. did

c. had

d. would

解析：選b。it’s time you did 為 it’s time you thanked aunt lucy for her present 之略。按照英語語法，it’s time 后從句通常要用過去式。

6、 if i hadn’t been lucky enough to meet you. i really _____ what i would have done.

a. don’t know

b. hadn’t known

c. wasn’t knowing

d. wouldn’t know

解析：選a。雖然前有虛擬條件句， 后有使用了虛擬語氣的賓語，但 i don’t know 卻宜用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因?yàn)?i don’t know 表述的是現(xiàn)在的真實(shí)情況，句意為“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知（指現(xiàn)在不知）我會(huì)做出什么蠢事來”。

7、 “i’ve told everyone about it.” “oh, i’d rather you _____.”

a. don’t

b. hadn’t

c. couldn’t

d. wouldn’t

解析：選b。i’d rather 后接從句時(shí)，從句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)律是：用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，用過去完成式表示過去。

8、 it has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we _____ there by tomorrow.

a. can’t get

b. won’t get

c. hadn’t got

d. wouldn’t get

解析：選a。we can’t get there by tomorrow 為客觀事實(shí)，故宜用陳述語氣。

9、 “do you know his address?” “no, i also wish i _____ where he _____.”

a. knew, live

b. knew, lives

c. know, lives

d. know, lived

解析：選b。第一空填 knew，因?yàn)?i wish 后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣（即用過去式表示現(xiàn)在的想法）；第二空要填lives，即用陳述語氣，因?yàn)?where he lives 是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，而不是 i wish 的內(nèi)容。

10、 “isn’t it about time you _____ to do morning exercises?” “yes, it is. would you like to join us?”

a. begin

b. have begun

c. began

d. had begun

解析：選c。it’s time… / it’s high time… / it’s about time… 等后接從句時(shí)，從句謂語通常用過去式。

11、 it is hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the melinda cox library in my hometown.

a. wouldn’t have fallen

b. had not fallen

c. should fall

d. were to fall

解析：選 b。此題涉及錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，條件句與過去事實(shí)相反。句意為：要不是在七歲時(shí)就迷上了 melinda cox 圖書館，我真不能想像我如今會(huì)在做什么。

12、 he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.

a. had scored

b. scored

c. would score

d. would have scored

解析：選 d。這是otherwise 引出的含蓄虛擬語氣，再根據(jù)前面的 hesitated 可進(jìn)一步知道這是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，由此可推知答案選 d。

13、 if only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

a. lies

b. lay

c. had lain

d. should lie

解析：選 c。if only 意為“要是……就好了”，其后的句子謂語要用虛擬語氣，同時(shí)根據(jù) as the doctor instructed 中的過去時(shí)態(tài)可知從句是與過去事實(shí)相反，故選 c。

14、 without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.

a. would be freezing cold

b. will be freezing coldly

c. would be frozen cold

d. can freeze coldly

解析：選 a。without 引出的介詞短語為一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的含蓄條件句。

15、 yesterday, jane walked away from the discussion. otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.

a. had said

b. said

c. might say

d. might have said

解析：選 d。otherwise 在此相當(dāng)于 if she had not walked away from the discussion，即暗示一個(gè)與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句。

關(guān)于語法教學(xué)法心得體會(huì)報(bào)告三

初中英語語法歸納：名詞

初中英語學(xué)習(xí)最難的是語法，因?yàn)橛⒄Z的語法跟漢語的語法有很大的不同。對(duì)于從小就生活在中國的同學(xué)們，學(xué)起英語語法來會(huì)顯得特別吃力。下面為大家講解一下初中英語名詞的語法特點(diǎn)。

一、名詞(n.) 表示人、事物或抽象概念的名稱的詞

(一)名詞的分類

名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞,其中普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名詞可用作單數(shù)，也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。

可數(shù)名詞包括個(gè)體名詞(表示一類人或物的個(gè)體。如：boy,desk,cat,window)和集體名詞(由若干

個(gè)體組成的集合體。如：family,class,police)。

不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞(表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物。如：water,paper,silk,money)和抽象名詞(表示性質(zhì)、行為、狀態(tài)、感情或其它抽象概念。如：work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework)

專有名詞表示個(gè)人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等。如：tom,the great wall,the spring festival,france,the united states)

(二)名詞的數(shù)

1.可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，其復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成主要有以下幾種：

(1)一般情況下,在詞尾加s.

——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys

以輕輔音結(jié)尾的名詞后的s的讀音為[s]，以濁輔音和元音結(jié)尾名詞后的s讀音為〔z〕。

(2)以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的詞名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),要在詞尾加es.

——beaches,brush——brushes,bus——buses,box—boxes(es讀音為〔iz〕

(3)以―輔音字母+y‖結(jié)尾的名詞,先變y為i,再加es.

——cities,family——families,documentary——documentaries,country——countries,

strawberry——strawberries(ies讀音為[iz])

(注：以―元音字母+y‖結(jié)尾的詞，,holidays,days)

(4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)情況如下：

①,.tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes, hero—heroes negro ——negroes mongo——mongoesp

②結(jié)尾是兩個(gè)元音字母的加s,—zoos,radio——radios ③某些外來詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)詞尾加s,eg. piano—pianos

④一些名詞的縮寫形式變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，詞尾加s,

(photograph)——photos,kilo(kilogram)kilos

⑤zero變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，既可加s,也可加 /zeroes

(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),先把f或fe變?yōu)関,再加es.

——wives,leaf leaves,half——halves,knife—knives,thief——thieves(res讀音為[vz]

(注意：roof的復(fù)數(shù)為roofs; scarf的復(fù)數(shù)為scarfs/scarves)

(6)有些名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，不是在詞尾加s或es,而是變換其中的字

——men,woman——women,policeman——policemen,englishman——englishmen,frenchman——frenchmen, foot——feet, tooth——teeth,

child——children,mouse—mice,ox—oxen(公牛)

(7)還有一些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。

e,japanese,sheep,deer,fish

(8)另一些名詞本身即是復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可用作單數(shù)。

eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors

另外,①當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞作定語說明另一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般用單數(shù)。

apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister 但是，當(dāng)man和woman作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，就要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。

men teachers,three women doctors

②可用―量詞+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)‖這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。

eg.a room of students,two boxes of pencils

2.不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，它的―量‖的表示方式如下。

(1)表不定數(shù)量時(shí),一般用much,(a)little,a lot of/lots of,some,any等詞修飾。 eg,much money,a little bread

(2)表確定數(shù)量時(shí),一般用―數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞。如：two/three/…+量詞復(fù)數(shù)十of+不可數(shù)名詞。

eg.a bag of rice,two glasses of milk,four bottles of water

3.有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞也可作不可數(shù)名詞，但詞義有所不同。

eg： fruit水果——fruits表示不同種類的水果;food食物——foods各種食品;fish魚——fishes魚的種類;drink飲料、酒——a drink一杯/一份飲料、一杯酒; cloth布——,a cloth桌布、抹布; sand沙——sands沙灘; tea茶——a tea一杯茶;chicken雞肉——a chicken小雞;orange橘汁——an orange橘子; glass玻璃——a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼鏡; paper紙——a paper試卷、論文;wood木頭——a wood小森林;room空間、余地——a room房間

(三)名詞的所有格(表示人或物的所屬關(guān)系)

(1)有生命的名詞所有格以及表示時(shí)間、距離、城鎮(zhèn)、國家等的名詞所有格。 ①不是以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時(shí)，在詞尾加’s.

’s watch;women’s day

②以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時(shí),只加’。

rs’office,students’rooms

③兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并列,表示共同所有，只需在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s.

and mike’s room湯姆和邁克的房間(表示湯姆和邁克共有一間房) ④兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并列，表示分別所有，需在幾個(gè)名詞后都加’s.

’s and jenny’s bikes瑪麗和詹妮的自行車(表示瑪麗和詹妮各自的自行車)

(2)無生命的事物的名詞所有格常用of結(jié)構(gòu)

eg.a map of china,the beginning of this game,the door of the room

(3)特殊形式

①可用’s和of短語表示的名詞所有格

boy’s name=the name of the boy(男孩的名字)

the dog’s legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿)

china’s population=the population of china(中國的人口)

china’s capital=the capital of china(中國的首都)

②雙重所有格

eg.a fiend of my mother’s我媽媽的一個(gè)朋友

a picture of tom’s湯姆的一張圖片

初中英語語法名詞的知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)，希望對(duì)于同學(xué)們的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助和裨益，祝大家的學(xué)習(xí)越來越好!

初中英語語法歸納：連詞

初中英語學(xué)習(xí)最難的是語法，因?yàn)橛⒄Z的語法跟漢語的語法有很大的不同。初中英語連詞有很多種。下面為大家講解一下初中英語連詞的用法。

連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。

第一類表示并列關(guān)系的連詞

并列連詞：并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。

1) and 和

判斷改錯(cuò)：

(錯(cuò)) they sat down and talk about something.

(錯(cuò)) they started to dance and sang.

(錯(cuò)) i saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.

(對(duì)) they sat down and talked about something.

(對(duì)) they started to dance and sing.

(對(duì))i saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.

解析：

第一句： and 連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語，所以 talk 應(yīng)改為 talked。

第二句：and 連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式，第二個(gè)不定式往往省略to，因此sang 應(yīng)改為 sing。

第三句：and 連接感觀動(dòng)詞saw 后面的用作的賓補(bǔ)的兩個(gè)并列分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，因此whisper應(yīng)改為whispering。

注意：1. and 還可以和祈使句或名詞詞組連用表示條件。(or也有此用法) make up your mind, and youll get the chance.

= if you make up your mind, youll get the chance.

one more effort, and youll succeed.

= if you make one more effort, youll succeed

2, a and b 當(dāng)表示整體或者指同一人時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù), 當(dāng)and連接的單數(shù)名詞前分別有each，every，many等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語也用單數(shù)。

bread and butter a knife and fork

the mother and teacher is very strict with her son.

no teacher and no student is allowed to smoke in class.

3. and連接的是兩個(gè)相同意思的詞，表示―漸漸‖，或加強(qiáng)語氣

read it again and again

2) both …and 兩者都

she plays (both) the piano and the guitar.

3) neither…nor 意思為“既不……也不……”謂語動(dòng)詞采用就近原則，與nor后的詞保持一致。

neither you nor he is to blame.

4) not only…but (also)不但······而且······

she plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.

注意： not only… but also 關(guān)聯(lián)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，一個(gè)分句因有否定詞not 而必須倒裝。 not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.

5) as well as 以及，也，與···同樣

the teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity.

比較and和or

1) 并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。

2) 但有時(shí)and 也可用于否定句。請(qǐng)注意其不同特點(diǎn)：

there is no air or water in the moon.

there is no air and no water on the moon.

在否定中并列結(jié)構(gòu)用or 連接，但含有兩個(gè)否定詞的句子實(shí)際被看作是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，因此要用and。

第二類表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞

1) or 意思為“或則”。

which do you prefer, tea, coffee, or juice ?

2) either…or 意思為“或者……或者 ……”。注意謂語動(dòng)詞采用就近原則。 either you or i am right.

3) or else/ otherwise 否則

be silent, or else you will be kicked out.

i am tired, otherwise, i would play.

第三類表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的連詞

1) but 但是 he is rich but unhappy.

while 然而，表示對(duì)比意味 some people love cats, while others hate them. yet 然而 she said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.

however 然而，可是，不過 she does not like him, however, i like him.

2) not…but… 意思為“不是 ……而是……”

not 和but 后面的用詞要遵循一致原則。

they were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being. 第四類表因果關(guān)系的連詞

1) for 因?yàn)?，做并列連詞使用時(shí)，是在對(duì)先行的句子補(bǔ)述原因或者理由，只可以連接句子與句子，通常不置于句首。

he is absent today, for he is ill.

2) so, therefore 因此

he hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game.

i think, therefore i am

3)then 那么，因而

hide behind the wall, then they won’t see you.